What is the term for utilizing larger, more powerful streams after hand-lines are no longer effective?

The term for utilizing larger, more powerful streams after hand-lines are no longer effective is known as "defensive mode." This approach is often employed when the situation on the fireground has escalated beyond the capability of standard hand-lines, which typically handle more localized, manageable fires.

In defensive mode, firefighters focus on protecting exposures and preventing the fire from spreading further, rather than engaging directly with the fire. This entails using larger streams of water or foam to create a barrier or diminish the intensity of the fire. The goal is to safeguard lives, property, and the environment while dealing with a hazardous situation that cannot be approached with regular attack methods.

Understanding this strategy is crucial, as it reflects a shift in tactics when conditions worsen or when risks to personnel become too great. Employing larger streams effectively can help control the fire from a safe distance and provide a better chance of managing the incident without unnecessary risk to firefighters.