Which of the following represents the basic type of wall collapse?

The correct choice is that all options listed represent basic types of wall collapse. Understanding each type provides insight into the structural behaviors and risks associated with collapsing walls during fire events.

A partial collapse occurs when only a portion of the wall fails, which can create a hazard for firefighters and occupants, as the remaining structure may be unstable. This type of collapse often results from localized damage or excessive loads on specific sections of a wall, leading to instability.

Horizontal collapse refers to the outward movement of wall sections, typically caused by lateral forces such as fire or explosion. This kind of collapse can result in debris falling away from the building, posing serious risks to individuals nearby.

Vertical collapse takes place when the wall drops straight downward, usually due to the failure of structural supports or the weakening of materials from heat exposure. This type of collapse can create significant hazards, as the fallen wall may obstruct escape routes or access for firefighting efforts.

Since all of these collapse types can significantly affect the safety protocols for firefighting and rescue operations, recognizing each type is crucial for effective incident response and management. Thus, the option indicating that all represent basic types of wall collapse accurately reflects the realities of structural integrity in fire scenarios.